Two layers. The first is the account’s Spam Protection setting: with it on, every incoming email goes through a spam check, and anything it rejects is filed in your online Message History under SPAM instead of ringing a phone; nothing else lands there.
The second is your own filters. A filter can ignore a sender, or a subject, or a phrase in the body. Use it for the noise the spam filter will never catch because it is not spam: the vendor newsletter that lands on the alert address, the daily report nobody needs read aloud.
From the handset, the keypad’s advanced menu does the same thing mid-call: 9 then 1 blocks the sender you are listening to and creates the filter for you; 9 then 3 deletes every unread message from that sender.
The best defence is upstream: give your Email2Phone address only to the systems that should ring you, and forward from your ordinary mailbox with a rule rather than forwarding everything.